An abstract is an essential component of a research paper, designed to provide a concise and accurate summary of the literature content without any commentary or supplementary explanations. It is a short piece of writing that aims to capture the crucial aspects of the literature, including the research purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. An abstract should possess independence and self-explanatory qualities, containing the essential information equivalent to the entire document. It should provide the necessary information even without reading the full text.

Considerations for the preparation of abstracts：

1. The abstract should exclude content that is already well-established in the field, and care should be taken not to include information that belongs in the introduction. It is advisable to refrain from providing interpretations and comments on the paper's content, particularly in terms of self-evaluation.、

2. One must not simply duplicate the information already contained in the title.

3. The structure should be rigorous, the expression concise, and the semantics precise, arranged in a logical sequence. Sentences should be coherent, interconnected, and strive for simplicity in sentence construction. The abstract should not be divided into paragraphs.

4. The abstract should maintain a third-person perspective and avoid using "this paper," "the author," or similar phrases as the subject.

5. It is important to utilize standardized terminology, refraining from the use of non-conventional symbols and terms that are not commonly understood or widely accepted.

6. Quotations should be avoided unless the cited literature provides confirmation or refutation of previously published works by others.

7. Abbreviations, acronyms, and codes must be explained upon their first occurrence, unless they are widely understood by readers from adjacent disciplines.

Excerpted from the edited work by Chen Haoyuan 《Standardization of Science and Technology Journals: 18 Lectures.》